Entirely Unofficial Rest is History Catalogue and Interrogator

Late Antiquity & Early Middle Ages

82 Episodes 3 Periods

Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages (roughly 3rd–10th centuries) are covered through several focused series and individual episodes examining political, religious and cultural change across Europe, the Mediterranean and beyond. Series include "12 (or 13) Days of Christmas" (events dated 25 Dec–4 Jan from early Christian history to later African modernization), a multi‑part Alfred the Great series on ninth‑century Viking pressures, governance and reform, a Baghdad sequence tracing late Umayyad decline and the Abbasid revolution, a Charlemagne trilogy from Merovingian collapse to the 800 coronation, and episodes on England’s ties with Denmark, Ukraine, Germany and Italy. Topics and episodes treat battles (Yarmouk, Tours), Heraclius’ campaigns, the Danelaw, the Umayyad–Berber wars, figures such as Arius, Theodora, Honorius, Harald Bluetooth and Theophano, and cite works including Procopius’ On Buildings, Palace in Split, Dominion and Dictionary of the Khazars.

Catalogue (filtered)
Late Antiquity & Early Middle Ages era train motif
Early Middle Ages (c. 600–1000) roundel

Period

Early Middle Ages (c. 600–1000)

600 CE - 1,000 CE

49 episodes 12 figures 9 events
Episode Primary

RIHC: Corrupt US Presidents, Wartime Prime Ministers, and the Birth of Byzantium

Jul 15, 2025

This bonus episode reunites Tom Holland and Dominic Sandbrook for a Rest Is History club Q&A. They open by referencing recent episodes (Sir…

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Episode Primary

The Golden Age of Japan: Secrets of the Imperial Court (Part 2)

Apr 27, 2025

The episode examines Heian-period Japanese court culture through two seminal literary works: The Pillow Book by Sei Shōnagon and The Tale o…

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Episode Primary

Charlemagne: Return of the Kings (Part 1)

Dec 16, 2024 Charlemagne trilogy · Part 1

This episode inaugurates the hosts' Charlemagne trilogy by situating Charlemagne within the collapse of Merovingian power and the rise of t…

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Episode Primary

Charlemagne: Pagan Hunter (Part 2)

Dec 16, 2024 Charlemagne trilogy · Part 3

This episode of The Rest Is History (hosts Tom Holland and Dominic Sandbrook) examines Charlemagne’s military and cultural agenda in the la…

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Charlemagne: Emperor of the West (Part 3)

Dec 16, 2024 Charlemagne trilogy · Part 2

This episode examines the events and significance of Charlemagne's imperial coronation on Christmas Day 800 and places it within the wider …

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Episode Primary

Warlords of the West: A Clash of Ice and Fire (Part 3)

Dec 09, 2024 Warlords of the West (The Franks)

This episode examines the Battle of Tours (c. 732/733) and its wider significance. Opening with Edward Gibbon's famous passage, the hosts s…

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Episode Primary

The Empress of the Apocalypse

Jun 12, 2024

This episode examines Theophano, a Byzantine princess who married into the Ottonian dynasty and profoundly shaped late 10th-century western…

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Episode Primary

RIHC: History’s Top Sidekicks, Christian Frontier Battles, & the Quran

Oct 24, 2023

This is an impromptu bonus episode recorded in a hotel lounge in Bath. Hosts Tom Holland and Dominic Sandbrook chat about recent live event…

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Episode Primary

Baghdad: Crossroads of the Universe (Ep 2)

Oct 09, 2023 Baghdad · Part 2

This episode of The Rest Is History traces the collapse of the Umayyad Caliphate and the rise of the Abbasids, focusing on the revolutionar…

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Episode Primary

Baghdad: The Golden Age (Ep 3)

Oct 09, 2023 Baghdad · Part 3

In this episode Tom Holland and Dominic Sandbrook examine Harun al-Rashid and Baghdad at the height of the early Abbasid Caliphate. They co…

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Episode Primary

Baghdad: The Arabian Nights (Ep 4)

Oct 09, 2023 Baghdad · Part 4

This episode — the fourth in the hosts' series on Baghdad and the Islamic Golden Age — examines how medieval Baghdad became both an Islamic…

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Episode Primary

Baghdad: The Forging of Islam (Ep 1)

Oct 08, 2023 Baghdad · Part 1

Tom Holland and Dominic Sandbrook set the scene for a four-episode series on Baghdad by surveying the late Umayyad world and the forces tha…

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Episode Primary

Viking Sorcery

Aug 09, 2023

Hosts Tom Holland and Dominic Sandbrook interview archaeologist and scholar Neil Price about Norse religion, magic (seiðr), and the cultura…

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Episode Primary

Coronations: The Deep History (Ep 1)

May 04, 2023 Coronations · Part 1

This episode is the first of a three-part series on coronations. Tom Holland and Dominic Sandbrook trace the British coronation ceremony ba…

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Episode Primary

Spain: The Caliphate of Córdoba

Dec 13, 2022 Great World Cup Saga · Part 27

Tom Holland and Dominic Sandbrook trace the rise, golden age and collapse of the Caliphate of Córdoba. They open with the 711 crossing of T…

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Episode Primary

Saudi Arabia: The Mystery of the Kaaba

Nov 27, 2022 Great World Cup Saga · Part 11

Tom Holland and Dominic Sandbrook discuss the Kaaba’s religious significance, its rites (kiswah, tawaf, the Black Stone and Maqam Ibrahim) …

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Episode Primary

RIHC: Athelstans, Alfred and Anglo-Scottish relations

Nov 16, 2022 Alfred the Great · Part 3

This episode is a conversational update from the hosts following recent live Rest Is History events and studio recordings. Tom Holland and …

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Episode Primary

Alfred the Great: Fury of the Vikings (Ep 1)

Nov 05, 2022 Alfred the Great · Part 1

Tom Holland and Dominic Sandbrook examine the life and times of Alfred the Great and the Viking threat to ninth-century England. They open …

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Episode Primary

Alfred the Great: Return of the King (Ep 2)

Nov 05, 2022 Alfred the Great · Part 2

Hosts Tom Holland and Dominic Sandbrook discuss the life and legacy of Alfred the Great, focusing on his escape after the Viking ambush at …

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Episode Primary

London: Places (Ep 2)

Jul 18, 2022 London Week · Part 2

This episode is part of the hosts' London-themed week and focuses on two very different London places. Tom recounts a lockdown pilgrimage a…

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Episode Primary

RIHC: Boring Monarchs, The New York Times, and Dominic Sandbrook's Pleasure Island

Jun 01, 2022

This bonus episode is an informal, wide-ranging conversation between Tom Holland and Dominic Sandbrook. They begin with a debate over the u…

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Episode Primary

Byzantium and the Ghosts of Rome (Part 2)

Feb 28, 2022 The End of the Roman Empire

Hosts Tom Holland and Dominic Sandbrook continue their multipart discussion about when — and how — the Roman Empire ended. They examine the…

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Episode Primary

ARCHIVE: The Vikings and the birth of Kyiv

Feb 23, 2022 Vikings in the East · Part 3

This episode of The Rest Is History (recorded early February 2022, re-airing material first published January 2022) examines the Vikings in…

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Episode Primary

The Vikings Go East

Feb 07, 2022 Vikings in the East · Part 1

In this episode Tom Holland and Dominic Sandbrook examine the Vikings in the East, tracing Scandinavian river routes into the lands of the …

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Episode Primary

The Birth of Russia

Feb 07, 2022 Vikings in the East · Part 2

This episode is the second part of a mini-series focused on the Vikings in the East and the origins of Kievan Rus. Tom Holland and Dominic …

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Episode Primary

25 Dec: Coronation of Charlemagne and the collapse of the Soviet Union

Dec 25, 2021 12 (or 13) Days of Christmas · Part 2

This Christmas Day episode of The Rest Is History (the first of a 12 Days of Christmas mini-series) features Tom Holland and Dominic Sandbr…

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Episode Primary

6 Jan: Alfred the Great and Pepys' 'Fanatiques'

Dec 25, 2021 12 (or 13) Days of Christmas · Part 14

This episode, the final instalment of the hosts' 12 Days of Christmas special, pairs two historical vignettes. First, Tom and Dominic recou…

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Episode Primary

St Cuthbert’s Day

Nov 27, 2021

This special episode of The Rest Is History is devoted to St Cuthbert. Tom Holland and Dominic Sandbrook discuss Cuthbert’s seventh-century…

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Episode Primary

Muhammad

Nov 27, 2021

Tom Holland and Dominic Sandbrook discuss the life of Muhammad and the problems historians face reconstructing early Islam. They outline th…

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Episode Primary

England v Denmark

Nov 27, 2021 England Games at the European Cup (November 2021)

This episode of The Rest Is History, hosted by Tom Holland and Dominic Sandbrook, traces Anglo‑Danish relations from the Viking Age to the …

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Episode Primary

The Norse Sagas

Nov 27, 2021

Tom Holland and Dominic Sandbrook host Eleanor Rosamond Barraclough to discuss Viking voyages, the Icelandic sagas and how later medieval I…

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Episode Primary

Æthelstan: OFFICIALLY England's Greatest Monarch

Nov 27, 2021 World Cup of Kings and Queens · Part 4

Hosts Tom Holland and Dominic Sandbrook celebrate their podcast-run "World Cup of the Kings and Queens of England" after the surprising vic…

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Episode Secondary 1

RIHC: Irish Kings, Medieval Magic, and The Norman Invasion of Ireland

Jul 08, 2025

This bonus episode features historian Gillian Kenny discussing the social, legal and ecclesiastical world of Ireland before the Anglo-Norma…

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Episode Secondary 1

The Golden Age of Japan: Lady Murasaki and the Shining Prince (Part 1)

Apr 27, 2025

Tom Holland and Dominic Sandbrook discuss The Tale of Genji as both a literary masterpiece and a historical window into Japan's Heian perio…

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Episode Secondary 1

The Road to 1066: Anglo-Saxon Apocalypse (Part 1)

Mar 17, 2025 The Road to 1066 · Part 1

Hosts Tom Holland and Dominic Sandbrook introduce a multi-episode series on the Norman Conquest, centring on the dramatic year 1066 and the…

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Episode Secondary 1

Warlords of the West: Killer Queens (Part 2)

Dec 09, 2024 Warlords of the West (The Franks)

This episode examines the brutal, decades-long feud between Fredegund and Brunhilde in late-6th-century Merovingian Gaul, relying heavily o…

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Episode Secondary 1

The World's First City

Dec 05, 2024

Tom Holland and Dominic Sandbrook discuss Uruk (Warka), the ancient southern Mesopotamian city whose long occupation and extraordinary scal…

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Episode Secondary 1

RIHC: Medieval Women, Predicting the Future, and the Silk Roads

Nov 06, 2024

This bonus episode is a free-form visit to the British Library by Tom Holland with guest Tabby Syrett filling in for the absent Dominic San…

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Episode Secondary 1

History's Greatest Beards: From Egyptian Queens to Medieval Conquerors (Part 1)

Sep 08, 2024 Beards · Part 1

Hosts Tom Holland and Dominic Sandbrook explore the cultural, political and religious meanings attached to beards from antiquity through th…

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Episode Secondary 1

RIHC: The first British president, fossil halls, and Tom's trails

Jun 21, 2023

This bonus Restless History episode is an informal hosts' chat in which Tom Holland and Dominic Sandbrook swap travel anecdotes, listener q…

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Episode Secondary 1

Coronations: Sex, Holy Oil and Civil War (Ep 2)

May 04, 2023 Coronations · Part 2

Tom Holland and Dominic Sandbrook trace the political, religious and performative history of English coronations from the Anglo-Saxon perio…

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Episode Secondary 1

RIHC: Vikings, Anglo-Saxons and videogames

Nov 09, 2022

This episode is an informal two‑year anniversary special of The Rest Is History. Hosts Tom Holland and Dominic Sandbrook reflect on the pod…

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Episode Secondary 1

Saint Patrick

Mar 17, 2022

Hosts Tom Holland and Dominic Sandbrook examine the historicity and legend of Saint Patrick. They foreground Patrick's two surviving writin…

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Episode Secondary 1

RIHC: The 'Dark Ages' (Livestream)

Mar 16, 2022

This episode of The Rest Is History is a wide-ranging discussion of the so-called Dark Ages/late antiquity. Tom Holland and Dominic Sandbro…

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Episode Secondary 1

ARCHIVE: Ukraine and the United Kingdom

Feb 23, 2022

This episode, originally recorded in June 2021 and re-uploaded in February 2022, is a special on Anglo‑Ukrainian relations prompted by an E…

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Episode Secondary 1

Ukraine and Russia

Feb 23, 2022

This special edition episode is a rapid historical sweep through Ukrainian history prompted by recent Russian actions. Tom Holland and Domi…

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Episode Secondary 1

26 Dec: Good King Wenceslas and the first Gilbert & Sullivan

Dec 25, 2021 12 (or 13) Days of Christmas · Part 3

In this Boxing Day episode Tom Holland and Dominic Sandbrook present two light musical-themed items as part of their seasonal "12 Days of C…

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Episode Secondary 1

Persia

Nov 27, 2021 Persian Wars · Part 3

Hosts Tom Holland and Dominic Sandbrook welcome Ali Ansari, professor of Iranian studies, to argue for Persia/Iran's outsized influence on …

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Episode Secondary 1

World Cup of Kings & Queens Preview

Nov 27, 2021 World Cup of Kings and Queens · Part 1

The hosts launch The Rest Is History's playful "World Cup of Kings and Queens," outlining a 16-contender tournament to provoke discussion a…

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Late Antiquity & Early Middle Ages era train motif
Late Antiquity (c. 250–600) roundel

Period

Late Antiquity (c. 250–600)

250 CE - 600 CE

28 episodes 4 figures 1 event
Episode Primary

Warlords of the West: Barbarian Heirs of Rome (Part 1)

Dec 09, 2024 Warlords of the West (The Franks)

This episode introduces the Franks and traces their transformation from frontier warbands to the rulers of Roman Gaul. The hosts discuss ea…

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Episode Primary

Warlords of the West: Killer Queens (Part 2)

Dec 09, 2024 Warlords of the West (The Franks)

This episode examines the brutal, decades-long feud between Fredegund and Brunhilde in late-6th-century Merovingian Gaul, relying heavily o…

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Episode Primary

Theodora: Empress of Byzantium (Ep 1)

Aug 08, 2022 Justinian and Theodora

In this episode Tom Holland and Dominic Sandbrook introduce listeners to the world of Constantinople and the remarkable imperial couple Jus…

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Episode Primary

Justinian: Making Rome Great Again (Ep 2)

Aug 08, 2022 Justinian and Theodora · Part 2

This episode is the second part of a series on Emperor Justinian I and Empress Theodora. Tom Holland and Dominic Sandbrook discuss Justinia…

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Episode Primary

Justinian & Theodora: The Secret History (Ep 3)

Aug 08, 2022 Justinian and Theodora · Part 3

This episode (the third in the Justinian and Theodora series) continues the story of Justinian I and Empress Theodora in sixth-century Cons…

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Episode Primary

Plague and the decline of the Roman Empire

Aug 04, 2022

Hosts Tom Holland and Dominic Sandbrook welcome Professor Kyle Harper (University of Oklahoma) to discuss his book The Fate of Rome and the…

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Episode Primary

Saint Patrick

Mar 17, 2022

Hosts Tom Holland and Dominic Sandbrook examine the historicity and legend of Saint Patrick. They foreground Patrick's two surviving writin…

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Episode Primary

RIHC: The 'Dark Ages' (Livestream)

Mar 16, 2022

This episode of The Rest Is History is a wide-ranging discussion of the so-called Dark Ages/late antiquity. Tom Holland and Dominic Sandbro…

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Episode Primary

When did the Roman Empire fall? (Part 1)

Feb 28, 2022 The End of the Roman Empire

Tom Holland and Dominic Sandbrook debate when — and whether — the Roman Empire actually fell, arguing that no single date adequately captur…

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Episode Primary

King Arthur

Nov 27, 2021

Hosts Dominic Samuruk and Tom Holland debate the historicity and cultural afterlife of King Arthur. They evaluate early sources (Gildas, Ne…

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Episode Primary

Culture Wars

Nov 27, 2021

Hosts Tom Holland and Dominic Sandbrook discuss the long historical roots and character of "culture wars," debating whether the phenomenon …

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Episode Secondary 1

RIHC: Corrupt US Presidents, Wartime Prime Ministers, and the Birth of Byzantium

Jul 15, 2025

This bonus episode reunites Tom Holland and Dominic Sandbrook for a Rest Is History club Q&A. They open by referencing recent episodes (Sir…

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Episode Secondary 1

RIHC: The Fall of the Roman Empire, Edward the Confessor’s True Heir, and Vikings Abroad

May 06, 2025

This bonus Q&A episode of The Rest Is History features hosts Tom Holland and Dominic Sandbrook answering listener questions collated from T…

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Episode Secondary 1

St George: Dragon-Slayer

Jun 19, 2024

This episode examines the legend and cult of Saint George: its murky origins, how early martyr narratives coalesced into a larger-than-life…

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Episode Secondary 1

Romans in Space: Star Wars, Dune and Beyond...

Jan 25, 2024

Hosts Tom Holland and Dominic Sandbrook explore the surprising ways Star Wars and other science-fiction/fantasy works draw on Roman imagery…

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Episode Secondary 1

Christmas: Pagan or Christian?

Dec 25, 2023

On this Christmas-morning episode Tom Holland and Dominic Sandbrook investigate the claim that Christmas is fundamentally a pagan festival …

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Episode Secondary 1

RIHC: Roman Emperors - Busts, Coins, and Mullets (Livestream)

Oct 18, 2023

In this live episode Tom Holland (in naval-style jumper) and Dominic Sandbrook discuss Roman imperial image-making, focusing on portraiture…

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Episode Secondary 1

The Colosseum: Rome's Arena of Death

Sep 17, 2023

Hosts Tom Holland and Dominic Sandbrook discuss the Colosseum and Roman spectacles, using the film Gladiator as an entry point. They trace …

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Episode Secondary 1

RIHC: English Mythology, Historical Heatwaves, and Woke Informers

Aug 08, 2023

This bonus episode is a loose, conversational Q&A in which Tom Holland and Dominic Sandbrook discuss podcast scheduling, forthcoming “Adven…

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Episode Secondary 1

Hadrian and Antinous

Jun 12, 2023

Hosts Tom Holland and Dominic Sandbrook discuss the life, death and posthumous cult of Antinous, the exceptionally beautiful young Greek as…

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Episode Secondary 1

Saudi Arabia: The Mystery of the Kaaba

Nov 27, 2022 Great World Cup Saga · Part 11

Tom Holland and Dominic Sandbrook discuss the Kaaba’s religious significance, its rites (kiswah, tawaf, the Black Stone and Maqam Ibrahim) …

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Episode Secondary 1

Roman Holidays (Ep 4)

Aug 22, 2022 Holidays · Part 4

This episode examines holidays and tourism in the ancient world, comparing Roman elite leisure — villas, spas and the Bay of Naples resorts…

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Episode Secondary 1

RIHC: Holidays, Yorkshire, and disease

Aug 10, 2022 Holidays · Part 5

In this bonus episode Tom Holland and Dominic Sandbrook chat informally about recent work and listeners' contributions. Tom is finishing a …

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Episode Secondary 1

Londinium (Ep 1)

Jul 18, 2022 London Week · Part 1

Tom Holland and Dominic Sandbrook lead a walking tour through Roman London (Londinium), using surviving fragments, archaeology and literary…

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Episode Secondary 1

Historical Love Island: THE WINNER

Jul 13, 2022 Historical Love Island · Part 2

This is a special “results” edition of The Rest Is History in which hosts Tom Holland and Dominic Sandbrook announce the winners of their t…

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Episode Secondary 1

RIHC: Biff & Chip, Dominic vs. Science, and The Divine Comedy

May 04, 2022

This episode is a wide-ranging listener Q&A and discussion. Tom Holland and Dominic Sandbrook field questions about scientific heroes (deba…

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Episode Secondary 1

Muhammad

Nov 27, 2021

Tom Holland and Dominic Sandbrook discuss the life of Muhammad and the problems historians face reconstructing early Islam. They outline th…

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Episode Secondary 1

Ancient Olympics

Nov 27, 2021 The Olympics · Part 1

Tom Holland and Dominic Sandbrook discuss the ancient Olympic Games, exploring origins, mythic founders and the festival’s sacral character…

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Late Antiquity & Early Middle Ages era train motif
Late Roman Empire (3rd–5th c. CE) roundel

Period

Late Roman Empire (3rd–5th c. CE)

200 CE - 500 CE

5 episodes 4 figures 4 events
Episode Primary

Christmas: Pagan or Christian?

Dec 25, 2023

On this Christmas-morning episode Tom Holland and Dominic Sandbrook investigate the claim that Christmas is fundamentally a pagan festival …

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Episode Primary

RIHC: Rome's Greatest Emperors (Livestream)

Jul 19, 2023

In this live-streamed episode Tom Holland and Dominic Sandbrook discuss Tom's list of the most consequential Roman emperors, debating how m…

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Episode Primary

RIHC: Podwashing, Tom’s opera, and Pixar

Nov 30, 2022

In this listener-questions episode Dominic Sandbrook and Tom Holland trade banter and respond to audience comments primarily about their on…

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Episode Primary

Croatia: The Man Who Saved The Roman Empire

Nov 22, 2022 Great World Cup Saga · Part 6

Tom Holland and Dominic Sandbrook discuss the rise, rule and lasting reforms of Diocletian (born Diocles in Salona) against the backdrop of…

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Episode Secondary 1

Crucifixion

Apr 14, 2022

In this Easter episode Dominic Sandbrook and Tom Holland examine crucifixion: its origins, mechanics, social function in the Roman world, a…

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